Knowledge About Explorer 1

1. Career of explorer 1

Antarctic expeditions and researchWade was a member of the second Antarctic expedition led by the Admiral Richard E. Byrd in 1933.

While there, he was part of a 77-day sled journey into Marie Byrd Land. The field work on this expedition was later the foundation of his doctoral dissertation. Wade was then selected by Byrd to take the role of chief scientist for his third Antarctic expedition.

On this expedition he took two students with him, a practice he would continue in his later expeditions. He was geologist with the Byrd Antarctic Expedition (1933-35), senior scientist at West Base of the U.S.

Antarctic Service (USAS) (1939-41), and leader of two Texas Tech Shackleton Glacier Parties (1962-63 and 1964-65) and Senior Scientist U.S. Antarctic Research Program (USARP) Marie Byrd Land Survey, 1966-67 and 1967-68.

Wade personally named several Antarctic mountains and ridges whilst he worked as leader of the Texas Tech Shackleton Glacier Party, 196263. These include: Cathedral Peaks (8444S 17540W / 84.733S 175.

667W / -84.733; -175.667), a rugged mountain mass that Wade perceived to have spires, resembling a cathedral, when viewed from the Shackleton Glacier.

Lubbock Ridge (8452S 17525W / 84.867S 175.417W / -84.

867; -175.417) a high ridge around 5 nautical miles (9 km) long, which extends west from Mount Wade and terminates in a steep bluff at the east side of Shackleton Glacier. Wade named this ridge for Lubbock, where Texas Tech University is located.

Mount Kenyon (8510S 17452W / 85.167S 174.867W / -85.

167; -174.867) a mountain, 2,260 metres (7,400 ft) high, which stands 1 nautical mile (2 km) northwest of Shenk Peak in the northern part of the Cumulus Hills. He named the mountain after Kenyon College, Ohio, which he had attended almost 30 years previously to the expedition.

AcademiaDuring his PhD programme, Wade worked as a instructor in geology at the University of Delaware. Wade accepted a similar position at the Miami University in his home state of Ohio in 1936. He then received his Doctor of Philosophy degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1937.

He was head of the Geology department at Texas Tech University, but resigned the position in 1964 to focus on active Antarctic research. His successor in the position, Richard Maddox, later said: For Al, the paperwork and meetings were a waste of the time he could have spent in teaching and research.

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2.

Ivory trader (18861889) of explorer 1

In 1885 King Leopold II of Belgian founded the Congo Free State and began to replace non-Belgian members of the Association Internationale du Congo with Belgians. Swinburne was dismissed in 1886 and returned to England, taking his two boys with him. He found work as an ivory trader under Henry Shelton Sanford.

He returned later that year, bringing Disasi with him. He found a plentiful supply of ivory on sale in Kinshasa, and at one point had 60 tusks weighing 10 to 50 kilograms (22 to 110 lb). When he had raised enough money he bought a steamer so he could sail upriver and buy ivory at far lower prices.

Stanley was charged with leading the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition, which was to travel up the Congo River and overland to Equatoria rather than take the shorter route from the east coast. He met Swinburne in Paris in late January 1887. Swinburne was returning in the Congo from leave, explained to Stanley how run down the king's flottila had become, had hinted that he might lend him the company steamer Florida.

When Stanley reached Boma he was told by Louis Valcke that largest steamer, the Stanley, was damaged, the En Avant had no engine and the Royal was rotten. On 1 April 1887 Swinburne lent Stanley the Florida for use as a barge, despite knowing his boss Sanford would be furious about the loan. In 1889, less than three years after his trip to Europe, his servant Disasi Makulo was with Swinburne when he contracted gastritis.

He got ugly boils on his legs, and his condition quickly got worse. Disasi and a friend made a hammock to carry him to Boma. On the way they stopped at the mission station in Gombe, where the British Baptist George Grenfell took care of the invalid for two weeks.

When that did not help, they travelled on to the Dutch factory in Ndunga, where Swinburne died. He just 30 years old. According to Disasi, "The whites we had met at that station immediately began preparing for the funeral.

The ceremony was attended by all whites, dressed in fine costumes, and a large group of blacks. That day we thought the world was infinitely bitter, and our thoughts froze, for we did not know if we would ever receive any new support in life." At the age of 18, Disasi Makulo became an assistant to the missionary George Grenfell.

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3. Biography of explorer 1

Schmidl was the son of a wealthy merchant, and received a good education. He entered military service and took part 1534 as a Landsknecht under Pedro de Mendoza in an expedition to today's Argentina (Ro de la Plata).

He also accompanied Juan de Ayolas on his first trip in quest of provisions, and afterward went with Ayolas in his expedition up Paraguay River, and was one of the soldiers that were left with Domingo Irala in charge of the vessels in Puerto la Candelaria (modern Fuerte Olimpo). When Cabeza de Vaca was deposed in April 1544, Schmidel sustained Irala, who was the new governor, and in 1546 accompanied him in his expedition to Peru as far as the foot of the Andes, where he was despatched with Nuo de Chaves to President La Gasca. He accompanied Irala on his last unfortunate expedition of 1550.

He became a founder of Buenos Aires. His journey led him across the Ro Paran and Ro Paraguay and into today's Paraguay, where he helped to found Asuncin. From there he undertook several expeditions in the Gran Chaco, which led him into southeast Bolivia.

In 1552, on learning of the death of his elder brother to whose estate he was to succeed, Schmidl obtained his discharge. In Seville, he presented to the council of the Indies letters from Irala with the report of his discoveries, and arrived toward the close of 1554 in Straubing, where he afterward resided. He had kept a diary during his wanderings, and wrote a narrative of his adventures under the title of Wahre Geschichte einer merkwrdigen Reise, gemacht durch Ulrich Schmidel von Straubingen, in America oder der Neuen Welt, von 1534 bis 1554, wo man findet alle seine Leiden in 19 Jahren, und die Beschreibung der Lnder und merkwrdigen Vlker die er gesehen, von ihm selbst geschrieben (The true story of a noteworthy trip made by Ulrich Schmidel von Straubingen in America or the New World from 1534 to 1554, where will be found all his troubles of 19 years and the description of lands and noteworthy peoples he saw, described by himself; Frankfort, 1557), of which a Latin version appeared in Nuremberg in 1599 as Vera historia, etc.

Henri Ternaux-Compans published a translation of the work in his Voyages, relations et mmoires originaux pour servir l'histoire de la dcouverte de l'Amrique, recueil de documents sur la Floride (20 vol., 18371841) and Andrs Gonzlez de Barcia in his Historiadores primitivos de Indias. Schmidel thus became the first historian of Argentina.

Much of his account in the German language overlaps with an account written in Spanish by lvar Nez Cabeza de Vaca, who was adelantado of the Governorate of the Ro de la Plata between 1540 and 1545. Their accounts, one by a German mercenary, another by a Spanish nobleman, offer stark differences in point of view.:3540 His narrative gives the names and tells of the habits and manner of living of many Indian nations that were extinct a century later.

Perhaps the most fascinating parts of his accounts are those that attribute cannibalism not to the South American natives, but rather to the desperate conquistadors who were unsuited for survival in the rough climate, and would frequently consume one another in an effort to escape starvation. A particularly notable account states that Spaniards who were hung, and while barely dead, were hacked up by their fellow countrymen, and devoured.:37 After his return to Straubing with a few pieces of booty, he inherited the fortune of his deceased brother, and became a councilman.

Because of religious strife he had to leave Straubing and went in 1562 to Regensburg, where he died around 1579.