What Does "Deep" Really Mean in Deep Learning?

Thatu2019s a very common but interesting question.Many people have this notion that adding more layers makes you transition from machine learning to deep learning! I have also seen people drawing a decision boundary between machine learning and deep learning: neural networks are deep learning and SVMs, regressions are machine learning!

While the first notion is partly true, the second claim is ridiculous.Neural networks has been there for a long time now, before Deep Learning became cool. So just being able to add more layers (thanks to improved hardware resources we have now) makes it deep ?

Now letu2019s look at one specific case which shows that how we have actually transitioned from machine learning to deep learning (if at all). There is a crucial task in natural language processing: POS-tagging. Earlier, to predict the tag, we used to use features like surrounding tags, whether the word is capitalized, whether it is multi-word, what is itu2019s first character etc.

So, we used to manually handcraft features like these and then, maybe, use some feature selection like chi-square, correlation-based to select the most fit features and finally use some machine learning algorithm to predict the tag for the word.The most significant limitation of this process is that you need to know what feature you should start with and then choosing which features are to be selected from them. Above all, this process also needs a little-bit domain expertise whereas the most significant role of learning algorithms must be to eliminate DA from the user as much as possible.

Deep Learning learns features from data and the features it learns are more rich and meaningful. In other words, deep learning helps you to learn useful representations of your data to better solve the task at hand.You are dealing with real-valued vectors now that contain all significant information about any word, phrase and sentence now and also it learns which information to use from the data directly.

All this happens due to the efficient designs of neural architecture, training objective and also data with rich pattern and sufficient enough for the algorithm.In a way, you can also say thatDeep Learning Machine Learning Representation Learning.So, basically you see that just increasing layers for the sake of it does not make your algorithm u201cdeepu201d.

A deep learning model has two important components: efficient features and efficient predictor. Both are learnt!

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What are some characteristics of Lithuanian people?

Every nation has its national character, and Lithuanians are not an exception. There were some good points mentioned in the other answers already, yet I must agree that stereotypes also play a big role here. Everything is changing rapidly, and there are probably some key points that should be taken into consideration when talking about any nation as a whole.

In my opinion, there are at least 2, those are history and no kidding weather. Ill start with history I think there are almost 3 generations that describe todays Lithuania, and they are all crazy different. Thats why its also misleading to say that Lithuanians are very conservative and private as a group.

There are still a lot of people who spent their childhood and whole adult lives in Soviet Union, and it hasnt been that long since theyre free. Of course, 50 years of various restrictions, prohibitions, and attempts to turn them into someone theyre not have shaped the whole country, and you can still feel that vibe in some specific situations or institutions. Then theres those who were growing up in an independent country already, have seen it transitioning, and are enjoying every opportunity they have.

The third group, the youngest one, born after the 2000's difficult to tame in a good way : ) Try to mix all of those together and you might get what todays Lithuanians are all about.About the weather my coworker has recently made a good point, comparing Lithuanians (or we can probably say Nordic people in general) with the southerners. Lithuanian winters have always been cold, and theres definitely been some kind of routine every year to prepare for whats coming.

You had to plan a lot and work hard to survive it, and its been like this for ages. Thats probably where all those descriptions like reserved and hard-working come from. In the South, you can grow stuff all year round, and this allows people to be more chill, enjoy their days, and dont look into the future that much.

However, winters are getting warmer and we dont rely on growing food ourselves that much, so that influences future generations, too.What I meant by all this yeah, you can describe Lithuanians as reserved, slightly colder, rational, and introverted, and it wouldnt really be a lie, however, as with every other country in the world, it is never 100% accurate as soon as you talk to someone in person. I know a lot of people that are incredibly chill and even say that they belong to Spain, yet there are still people who you have to crack open (if you can!

) to really see how honest and warm they are. All in all, Lithuanians are the people who are proud of their roots and stand united whenever theres a chance whether its some basketball match, celebrating their national holidays, or supporting others (ever heard of the Freedom way?) : )

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What is the strangest thing a teacher has ever made you do in class?

When I was in high school, I had the craziest Latin teacher. The classes were always a mess and we were a pain in the ass for her.Anyway, one day I wasnu2019t paying attention in class, probably doodling or something.

Iu2019m probably not the only one, but I do have a history with this woman. So at one moment she just screams my name. Not yelling, no - screaming.

She looks insane: her face all red and eyes popping out. Nobodyu2019s laughing or imitating her, thereu2019s just silence and all eyes on me.Her: u201cIf you donu2019t want to learn, you donu2019t need your booksu201dSilence.

I donu2019t know how to respond, so my only reply is a nervous giggle. She then walks towards my desk, lends towards my face and says:u201cYou. Donu2019t.

Need. Booksu201dShe looks furious and at this moment Iu2019m actually kinda scared.She continues: u201cOru2026 DO you need books?

u201dIu2019m so confused. I answer her that I, indeed, donu2019t need books.At this point I suspect that everyone else is kinda scared too.

Nobody says a thing - which is weird for a classroom full of teenagers - and when I search for my friends faces, I only see some seriously worried faces. After a few seconds of silence, my teacher nods. She walks back to the front of the classroom and opens a window.

For an instance, I am relieved, thinking I had said the right thing. But I was wrong. She calmly says: u201cThrow your books out of the windowu201dMe: ?

Her: u201cDo it. You donu2019t need them anywayu201dIu2019m confused again. But I pick up my books and walk to the window.

(Note: we are on the second floor, so itu2019s pretty high). She canu2019t be serious, I think by myself. She will drop the act any moment now, I think by myself.

She will make fun of the fact that I was willing to actually throw my books out of the window, I think by myself.But she doesnu2019t stop me. Iu2019ve must have looked at her with a billion question marks in my eyes, cause she says: u201cIu2019m serious.

Throw themu201dAfter minutes - or probably two seconds - of doubt, I throw my books out of the window. Out. of.

the. f*cking. window.

u201cGoodu201dAnd she then continued with class as if nothing had happened. I threw my books out of the window and had to sit in class for another 45 minutes, without books. I have to give it to her: it was the most quiet class since years, but BOY IT WAS WEIRD.

(and no, my books werenu2019t really damaged, lucky enough)

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How do you say 'Hello, how are you?' in Persian?

As with many other languages, it can depend on a number of factors, most importantly whether you want to speak formally or informally to the person youu2019re talking to.

Persian is an interesting language because you can use the grammar rules to say the same phrase in many different ways.The most common phrase Iu2019ve heard in conversation is : u201cSalaam, chetoree?u201dThis is informal, and is using the suffix u201ceeu201d to imply you are talking in second person.

It literally means, u201cHello, how are you like?u201d But to everyone means u201cHello, how are you?u201d You can also say u201cche khabaru201d, which means u201cWhatu2019s up?

u201d.Another typical informal phrase is: u201cSalaam, haalet chetoreh?u201d which literally means, u201cHello, what is your condition?

u201d but also to everyone just means u201cHello, how are you?u201d It is using the suffix u201cetu201d (the grammatically correct representation of the informal you, u201ctohu201d in this context) to imply that something belongs to you and, once again, indicated that you are speaking in second person.A formal phrase that is still used in casual conversation is u201cSalaam, haale shoma chetorehu201d which is the formal way of saying u201cHello, what is your condition?

u201d which is used to say, u201cHello, how are you?u201d This phrase is using the formal you, u201cshomau201d which can also imply that you are speaking to more than one person. If you wanted to say that plural, but informal, you would say u201cSalaam, haaletan chetorehu201d but is almost never used, and might sound so unnatural to some that they would think that itu2019s incorrect.

The suffix u201ctanu201d (the grammatically correct representation of the informal but plural you, u201ctohu201d in this context) is used to imply that you are speaking to multiple people. Note that the word u201ctohu201d in word format (as opposed to suffix fotmat) cannot be used as a plural subject pronoun, but is sometimes used that way in casual conversation. In other words, while I may say, u201cToh kay meeyaiu201d (When will you come), it is implying that I am only talking to one person, as opposed to u201cShoma kay meeyaiu201d which indicates Iu2019m speaking to a plural audience.

A formal phrase that should be reserved for important or professional circumstances is, u201cSalaam, haale shoma chetor ast?u201d which has the same meaning of the last two phrases. The word u201cchetoru201d (how) is used along side a verb, u201castu201d (is), as in formal Persian suffixes arenu2019t used to indicate the subject.

Literally, you are saying, u201cHello, your condition is how?u201d but will be intrepreted as u201cHello, how are you?u201d.

It isnu2019t used in casual conversation, so unless if you want to sound silly, donu2019t test it out on your friends.Salaam can be replaced with Drood (and vice versa), and in fact, the usage of Drood would be more correct. Salaam is an Arabic loan word while Drood (sometimes pronounced Dorood) is a native word.

Older Persian speakers will probably be more familiar with this word than the young ones