What Led to Racial Relations Being Better in Namibia and Botswana, Compared to South Africa?

What led to racial relations being better in Namibia and Botswana, compared to South Africa?I think there are two reasons, and they are different for the two countries:As others mentioned, Botswana was never truly a British, colony, had always had a vast majority of a single people group, the Motswana, and never had any "war for independence.While I agree with some of the other answers that says that Namibia went through its revenge" phase already, I think there is one important factor that they forget to mention Namibia already had no apartheid since the 1970's (through vote of the local white population) and already had a multiracial local government and multiracial elections long before independence.

I believe that this is one reason why the war for independence" was pretty much restricted to the far North (and to a lesser extent parts of Windhoek). Even before independence, there was already equality (at least officially) and in most of the country the war was something on the border" there was little if any, animosity between the common man on the street of the different racial groups. The racism that existed (and still do to some extent) was more historical between different tribal groups, than between two or more races.

Of course, two presidents with strong Christian influences of forgiveness and reconciliation also made a world of a difference. By contrast, in South Africa there has been a history of repeated wars between especially the Boere ancestors of the Afrikaners, and various black tribes, long before apartheid and blood was shed on both sides. Even under British colonial rule, black people never had voting rights (again, long before apartheid).

This was followed by apartheid and the classification of all people into specific races. This racial classification system has never been abolished in South Africa and is still used as the basis for affirmative action, land reforms, etc. Of course, reverse racism" (discrimination) does little to improve racial relations in South Africa, especially among the new generation that grew up post-apartheid

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What is the one book that changed the way you thought about life?

FountainHead by Ayn Rand. The one book which I can read again and again and again and learn something new each time I read. When I had it for the first time, I felt a sharp sting when I read this - "Never ask people.

Not about your work. Don't you know what you want? How can you stand it, not to know?

" It made me realise the importance of having an aim, a purpose to my otherwise carefree life. It taught me hold my head even during adversities and never give up come what may. It built my confidence.

It enlightened me that it is ok to love some people more than others. To me Howard Roark (the main protagonist) is the ideal man.Few gems from the book - Man cannot survive except through his mind.

He comes on earth unarmed. His brain is his only weapon. Animals obtain food by force.

man had no claws, no fangs, no horns, no great strength of muscle. He must plant his food or hunt it. To plant, he needs a process of thought.

To hunt, he needs weapons,and to make weapons - a process of thought. From this simplest necessity to the highest religious abstraction, from the wheel to the skyscraper, everything we are and we have comes from a single attribute of man -the function of his reasoning mind. Patience is always rewarded and romance is always round the corner!

Self respect is something that can't be killed. The worst thing is to kill a man's pretense at it. Love is reverence, and worship, and glory, and the upward glance.

Not a bandage for dirty sores. But they don't know it. Those who speak of love most promiscuously are the ones who've never felt it.

They make some sort of feeble stew out of sympathy, compassion, contempt and general indifference, and they call it love. Once you've felt what it means to love as you and I know it - total passion for the total height - you're incapable of anything less. I wish I could add more instead encourage to read it.

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What are some great free "must-watch" videos for entrepreneurs and startups? Inspirational as well as informative.

Steve Jobs: Secrets of Life Everything around you was made up by people no smarter than you.

You already have the ability to change things. Steve Jobs: Most people don't ask for what they want Most people never ask for what they want. That's what separates those who do things and those who don't.

You have to be willing to fail.Steve Jobs: Need for Passion You have to have passion for what you do because it's so hard that if you didn't, you would just give up.Steve Jobs: 2005 Stanford Commencement Speech You have to trust that things will work out down the road, you've got to find what you love and don't settle, your time is limited so don't waste it living someone else's life.

Mark Suster: Honest Advice on Starting a Company You dont have to be a genius to start a business. Being an entrepreneur is not sexy. It is pretty awful.

Its not for everbody. But if you think thats what you want, you have to have the conviction to start and see it through. Eric Ries: Lean Startup The thing about startups are that they are human institutions designed to create something new under conditions of extreme uncertainty.

David Heinemeier Hansson: Unlearn your MBA Planning is guessing. Most decisions in a small business are temporary.Simon Sinek: How Great Leaders Inspire Action Every single organization knows what they do, some know how they do it, but very very few know why they do what they do.

Rory Sutherland: Life lessons from an ad man Advertising adds value to a product by changing our perception, rather than the product itself.Bill Gross: The single biggest reason why startups succeed Timing is the top factor for startup success, followed by team, then idea, then business model, and then funding.Richard St.

John: Secrets of success Do it for love not money. Its all hard work. Get damn good at something.

Focus on one thing. Push yourself. Serve others something of value.

Listen, be curious. Persist through failure and crap.Seth Godin: How to get your ideas to spread When it comes to getting attention, bad or bizarre ideas are more successful than boring ones.

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Is it better to be pessimistic than optimistic? If you're pessimistic, bad outcomes will be expected, but if it's good, you'll be pleasantly surprised.

I am optimistic but a radical skeptic as I described in this FREE for download book of mineNIHILISM, MINARCHISM, PYRRHONISM META-PHILOSOPHY - Living Radical ScepticismNIHILISM, MINARCHISM, PYRRHONISM META-PHILOSOPHY - Living Radical ScepticismA Meta-Philosophy exploration of immanent and non-immanent features of first-order philosophy in terms of the values of non- values or negative values of Radical Scepticism, Nihilism and Minarchy, executed to show how philosophizing is done.

It misleadingly seems as if there is no progress in philosophy as, like in visual art, literature and music, each original thinker re-invents the entire discipline, its aims, purposes, values, methods,netcnThe nature of philosophical tools, methods, techniques and skills will be investigated and applied in terms of radical scepticism.This approach, set of values and attitude restrict the nature and the style of the meta-philosophizing. It will for example prevent the traditional development of a general, all-encompassing and all-inclusive metaphysical system.

It also demands the focus on context-specific investigation of questions and the dealing of a particular problem in a certain context.These limits require the re-interpretation of any philosophical toolnbeing employed as well as the underlying assumptions and any pre-suppositions. As far as possible philosophizing as an aspect of the processes of theorizing will be adhered to and realized.

In chapter THREE I illustrate many-leveled and multi-dimensional thinking, that are to me as a visual artist as well, of extreme importance. These are the types of things employed by radical skepticism and that should be the form of philosophizing instead of and replacing traditional one-leveled and one-dimensional thinking, argumentation and reasoningPHILOSOPHY u2013 Aims, Methods, RationaleIn this meta-philosophical study I commence with an investigation of Wisdom. I then continue with an exploration of the institutionalization of the subject and the professionalization of those involved in it.

This I contrast with original and creative philosophizing. In then sows that philosophizing resembles and attempts to do theorizing. The 9 questions, etc of the Socratic Method and details of the Philosophical Toolkit occur throughout different stages of theorizing as one level and one dimension of it.

Linked books are FREE for download.n1 Seeking, development and realization of wisdom 4n2 Institutionalization, Professionalization of u2018philosophyu2019 5n3 Original and Creative Thinking Philosophizing 37n4 Philosophizing resembles Theorizingn 38n(i)tSocratic Method 41n(ii)tPhilosophical Toolkit 145

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Is Manoj Tiwari (BJP) a better CM candidate than Arvind Kejriwal (AAP) in Delhi?

They should do it!

It will be the kind of political suicide Congress has been known to make off late!Movie dialogues will be worth just that! Kejriwal has learnt his lessons in the MCD elections and has stuck to his guns, and I can assure you that I would happily like this contest to be pitched.

How do people even compare these two people?Profile of Arvind Kejriwal :Education : Mechanical Engineering from IIT KharagpurBackground :Tata Steel (1989 - 1992)Volunteer for Ramakrishna Mission(NE India), while preparing for Civil Services (19921995)Indian revenue Services (19952006)In 1999 he started Parivartan with Manish SisodiaFought to bring in changes in PDS and social welfare in Delhi.Founded Kabir with Manish Sisodia, an NGO focussing on RTI.

In this time he also collaborated with the likes of Aruna Roy and Shekhar Singh to help formulate RTI.Was awarded the Ramon Magsasay Award for his work in the formation of RTI and grass-root level work.Had protested with Anna Hazare for Jan Lokpal Bill!

He currently serves a Chief Minister of Delhi. Unsuccessfully fought PM Modi for Lok Sabha seat in Varanasi, but got more than 2 Lakhs vote, far ahead of Congress!I think you would agree that it is no small achievement.

I think I do not need to continue since I would like to say something about the other luminary you wish to compare him to.Profile of Manoj Tiwari:Education : Bachelors in Sociology from BHU and Masters in Phy EdBackground :One of the most popular singers and actors of Bjojpuri Film IndustryParticipated in Big Boss. This is something Arvind Kejriwal should have done to be in good books of BJP and Bhakts!

Joined politics with Samajwadi Party! Then BJP!Had protested with Baba Ramdev, then Ramdev escaped!

He is the MP from East Delhi.His popularity amongst Bhojpuri in Delhi is immense too, but I doubt it will last since Kejriwal and his team of awesome people will trump them with actual work and not song and dance!To conclude!

To compare Kejriwal and Tiwari is like comparing apples and oranges. One has a proven record of public service other has to learn still!I would love to see BJP thrashed once again!

Congress is out of the picture anyway.